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This basic form of international trade is that of sale and purchase of goods over the borders, i.e., the export and import. The agreement used for this purpose is called, ¡®Agreement for Sale and Purchase of Goods¡¯ and it can be viewed as ¡®Sales Agreement¡¯ from the standpoint of a seller and a ¡®Purchase Agreement¡¯ from that of a buyer

It is important to note that foreign laws as well as domestic laws are applicable to international sales agreements as such is common to most of the international transactions. There no special category of law that is purely applied to the international sales transactions. The laws related to contracts and all kinds of commercial laws are applied. When the sales are made on a credit, that is, without simultaneous payment, a situation of debtor-creditor relations do arise so that the laws relating to credit may be applied.?

The more important terms and conditions of a sales agreement include the following:
 

¨ç »óǰÀÇ ÆÇ¸Å¿Í ±¸¸Å(Sale and Purchase of Goods) Seller°¡ Buyer¿¡°Ô »óǰÀ» ÆÇ¸ÅÇÒ °Í¿¡ µ¿ÀÇÇϰí, Buyer°¡ Seller·ÎºÎÅÍ »óǰÀ» ±¸¸ÅÇÒ °Í¿¡ µ¿ÀÇÇÔÀ¸·Î½á »óǰ¸Å¸Å°è¾àÀÌ ¼º¸³ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.

¨è °¡°ÝÁ¶°Ç(Price) °Å·¡»óǰÀÇ °¡°Ý°ú °¢ ´ÜÀ§´ç »óǰÀÇ °¡°ÝÀÌ ¸í½ÃµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¾î´À ³ª¶óÀÇ ÅëÈ­·Î ´ë±ÝÀ» ÁöºÒÇÒ °ÍÀÎÁö°¡ °áÁ¤µÇ¾î¾ß Çϴµ¥, °Å·¡ÅëÈ­´Â ÀÚ±¹ÅëÈ­, »ó´ë±¹ÅëÈ­ ±×¸®°í Á¦3±¹ ÅëÈ­ Áß¿¡¼­ Çϳª¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÅëÈ­ÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤¼º, ±³È¯¼º ¹× À¯Å뼺 µîÀ» ÃæºÐÈ÷ °í·ÁÇÏ¿© °áÁ¤ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

¨é ¼ÒÀ¯±Ç°ú À§ÇèºÎ´ãÀÇ ÀÌÀü(Title and Risk of Loss) ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î, »óǰ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ÒÀ¯±Ç°ú ¼Õ½ÇÀ§ÇèÀº Seller°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿µ¾÷Áö¿¡¼­ ¿î¼Û¾÷ÀÚ¿¡°Ô »óǰÀ» Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â ¼ø°£ Buyer¿¡°Ô ÀÌÀüµÇ¸ç, ¿î¼Û Áß¿¡ ¼Õ»óµÇ´õ¶óµµ Buyer°¡ Ã¥ÀÓÀ» Áø´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ´Â °è¾à´ç»çÀÚµéÀÌ ÇÕÀÇÇÑ Á¶°Ç¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ ´Þ¶óÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

¨ê ǰÁúÁ¶°Ç(Warranty) ±¹Á¦»óǰ¸Å¸Å°è¾à¿¡¼­´Â Seller¿Í Buyer°¡ °Å·¡ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â »óǰÀÌ Æ¯Á¤µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ƯÁ¤µÈ °Å·¡»óǰÀÇ Ç°ÁúÀÌ Æ¯È÷ ¹®Á¦°¡ µÈ´Ù. ¸¸¾à °è¾à¼­¿Í »óÀÌÇÑ Ç°ÁúÀÇ »óǰÀÌ °Å·¡µÇ¾úÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡ ºÐÀïÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ǰÁúÁ¶°Ç¿¡¼­´Â ǰÁúÀÇ °áÁ¤¹æ¹ý°ú °áÁ¤½Ã±â¸¦ Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù.

¨ë Æ÷ÀåÁ¶°Ç(Packing) ±¹³»ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´Â ´Ü°Å¸® ¿î¼Û¿¡ ºñÇØ¼­, ±¹Á¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇàÇØÁö´Â »óǰÀÇ ¿î¼ÛÀº ¿î¼ÛµµÁßÀ̳ª ÇÏ¿ªÀÛ¾÷ Áß ¶Ç´Â º¸°ü Áß¿¡ ´Ù¾çÇÑ À§Çè¿¡ Á÷¸éÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ Å©±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ À§Çèµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ »çÀü¿¡ ´ëºñÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â »óǰÀ» Àå°Å¸® ¿î¼Û¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÏ°Ô Æ÷ÀåÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù.

¼öÃâ¿ë »óǰÀ» Æ÷ÀåÇÒ ¶§¿¡´Â Æ÷ÀåÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â »óǰÀÇ Çüųª ¼ºÁúÀ» Àß ÆÄ¾ÇÇÏ¿©, ÀÌ¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÑ ¼öÃâ »óǰ¿ë Æ÷Àå¼ö´ÜÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¼öÃâ»óǰÀÇ Æ÷À广¹ýÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÒ ¶§¿¡´Â, È­¹°ÀÇ ÇüÅÂ, Áß·®, ºÎÇÇ, ¼ºÁú ±×¸®°í ¿î¼ÛÀÇ ¿ÜÀû Á¶°Ç µîÀ» °í·ÁÇÏ¿© ÀûÀýÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ »óǰÀÇ À§Çè³ëÃâµµ, Æ÷Àåºñ¿ë ±×¸®°í ¿î¼Û¼ö´ÜÀÇ Á¾·ù µîµµ ÇÔ²² °í·ÁÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

¨ì ¼ö·®Á¶°Ç(Quantity) ±¹Á¦»óǰ¸Å¸Å°è¾à¿¡¼­ °Å·¡µÇ´Â »óǰÀÇ ¾ç(Quantity)À» ¾î¶² Ç¥½Ã¹æ¹ý°ú ¼ö·®´ÜÀ§¸¦ ±âÃÊ·Î ÇÒ °ÍÀÎÁö¸¦ ÇÕÀÇ?±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °Í ¶ÇÇÑ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. °Å·¡µÇ´Â »óǰÀÇ ¾çÀº ¹«°Ô(Áß·®), ºÎÇÇ(¿ëÀû), °³¼ö, ±æÀÌ, ¸éÀû µî ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ±âÁØÀ¸·Î Ç¥½ÃµÉ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, °³º° °è¾à¿¡ ¾Ë¸ÂÀº ¼ö·®ÀÇ Ç¥½Ã¹æ¹ýÀº °Å·¡µÇ´Â »óǰÀÇ Á¾·ù¿Í ¼º°ÝÀ» °í·ÁÇÏ¿© ÇÕÀÇ?¼±ÅÃÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±¹Á¦ÀûÀ¸·Î´Â Metric ½Ã½ºÅÛ(m, kg)ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ¹Ý¸é, À¯·´¿¡¼­´Â ¾ÆÁ÷µµ Imperial ½Ã½ºÅÛ(inch, lbs)ÀÌ º¸ÆíÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, Seller¿Í Buyer´Â ¼­·Î ÇÕÀÇÇÏ¿© ÀûÇÕÇÑ ¼ö·®´ÜÀ§¸¦ Á¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù

¨í ¼±ÀûÁ¶°Ç - ¼±Àû(shipment)ÀÌ °³³ä: º»¼±ÀûÀç(loading on board), ¼öŹ(taking in charge) ¹ß¼Û(dispatch)ÀÇ °³³ä±îÁö Æ÷ÇÔ
(i) ¼±Àû½Ã±âÀÇ ¾àÁ¤
(ii) ºÐÇÒ¼±Àû ¹× ȯÀû
¨ç ºÐÇÒ¼±Àû - ºÐÇÒ¼±Àû(partial shipment) ȤÀº ÇҺμ±Àû(installment shipment) : °Å¾×°Å·¡ À̰ųª ¼öÀÔ»óÀÇ ÆÇ¸Å°èȹÀ̳ª ½ÃȲ¿¡ µû¶ó ÁÖ¹®µÈ ¼ö·®À» ¼öȸ·Î ³ª´©¾î ¼±ÀûÇÏ´Â °Í - ¹Ýµå½Ã ½Å¿ëÀåÀ̳ª °è¾à¼­»ó¿¡ Çã¿ë¿©ºÎ¸¦ ¸í½Ã- ¸í½ÃÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» °æ¿ì ºÐÇÒ¼±Àû °¡´É: °¢ ÇҺμ±ÀûÀº °³º°°è¾àÀ¸·Î º»´Ù
¨è ȯÀû - ȯÀû(transshipment)Àº ¼±ÀûÇ× ¶Ç´Â ¼öŹÁö¿¡¼­ µµÂøÇ×À̳ª ¸ñÀûÇ×±îÁö ¼±ÀûÀ̳ª ´Ù¸¥ ¿î¼Û¼ö´Ü¿¡¼­ ´Ù¸¥ ¼±¹ÚÀ̳ª ¿î¼Û¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î ÀÌÀûÀ̳ª Àç¼±ÀûÀ» ÇÏ´Â °Í - ȯÀûµµ ºÐÇÒ¼±Àû°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ±ÝÁöÀÇ Æ¯¾àÀÌ ¾ø´Â ÇÑ Çã¿ëµÇ¸ç, ºñ·Ï ½Å¿ëÀå»ó¿¡ ±ÝÁöµÇ¾î À־ º¹ÇÕ¿î¼ÛÀ» ¾àÁ¤Çϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸é Çã¿ë - Á÷Ç×¼±Àû(direct shipment)ÀÇ ¾àÁ¤½Ã¿¡´Â ȯÀûÀÌ ±ÝÁöµÇ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸Áö¸¸ ÇØ³­À» ´çÇÏ¿© Çdz­Ç׿¡ ±âÇ×ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÀÎÁ¤
(iii) Áö¿¬¼±Àû°ú ¼±ÀûÀÏÀÇ Áõ¸í
¨ç Áö¿¬¼±Àû - ¾àÁ¤µÈ ¼±ÀûÀÏ ³»¿¡ ¼±ÀûµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì - Áö¿¬¼±ÀûÀÌ ¸ÅµµÀÎÀÇ ±ÍÃ¥»çÀ¯·Î ¹ß»ýµÇ¸é °è¾àÀ§¹ÝÀÌ µÊ - ¸Å¼öÀÎÀº °è¾àÀ» ÇØÁ¦ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½ - ´Ü, ºÒ°¡Ç×·Â(force majeure)À¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ °æ¿ì ¸ÅµµÀÎÀº ¸éÃ¥(½Ç¹«ÀûÀ¸·Î 3ÁÖ ¶Ç´Â 1°³¿ù µ¿¾È ¼±Àû±âÀÏÀÌ ÀÚµ¿ ¿¬ÀåµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ °ü·Ê)- ÀÚµ¿¿¬ÀåÀº ¸ÅµµÀÎÀÌ ºÒ°¡Ç×·ÂÀÇ »ç½ÇÀ» ÀÔÁõÇÒ Ã¥ÀÓ(»ó°øÈ¸ÀǼҳª °øÀαâ°üÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹®¼­·Î È®ÀÎ ¹Þ¾Æ À̸¦ ¸Å¼öÀο¡°Ô ÅëÁö)
¨è ¼±ÀûÀÏÀÇ Áõ¸í - ¼±ÀûÀÏÀÇ Áõ¸íÀº ¼±È­Áõ±ÇÀÇ ¹ßÇàÀÏÀ» ±âÁØ - ¼±Àû¼±È­Áõ±Ç(Shipped Bill of Lading)ÀÇ °æ¿ì ±× ¹ßÇàÀÏÀÌ ¼±ÀûÀÏ - ¼öÃ뼱ȭÁõ±Ç(Received Bill of Lading)ÀÇ °æ¿ì ¼±È­Áõ±Ç»óÀÇ º»¼±ÀûÀçÀÏ Ç¥½Ã(on board notation)°¡ ¼±ÀûÀÏ

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(1) °áÁ¦¹æ¹ý - ¼±Áö±Þ : ¸ÅµµÀÎÀÌ ¹°Ç°ÀÇ ¼±ÀûÀü¿¡ ´ë±ÝÀ» ¼ö·ÉÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¸Å¼öÀÎÀÇ ½Å¿ëÀÌ ºÒÈ®½ÇÇÑ °æ¿ì³ª ¼Ò¾× ¶Ç´Â °ßº»±¸¸Å¿¡¼­ »ç¿ë(´Ü¼ø¼Û±Ý¹æ½Ä, ÁÖ¹®½ÃÁö±Þ¹æ½Ä, ¼±´ë½Å¿ëÀ广½Ä) - µ¿½ÃÁö±Þ : Çö¹°À̳ª ¼­·ù¿Í »óȯÀ¸·Î ´ë±ÝÀ» Áö±Þ (½Å¿ëÀå°Å·¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì À϶÷Ãâ±Þ¹æ½Ä(At Sight LC), °è¾à¼­°Å·¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì Áö±Þµµ¹æ½Ä, Çö±Ý»óȯÁö±Þ¹æ½Ä(DP) ¶Ç´Â ¼­·ù»óȯÁö±Þ¹æ½Ä(DA)) - ÈÄÁö±Þ : ¹°Ç°ÀÇ ¼±ÀûÀ̳ª Àεµ ¶Ç´Â ¼­·ùÀÇ Àμö ÈÄ ÀÏÁ¤±â°£ µÚ¿¡ °áÁ¦°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´Â ¹æ½Ä (½Å¿ëÀå º£À̽ºÀÎ °æ¿ì ±âÇѺνſëÀå, °è¾à¼­ º£À̽ºÀÎ °æ¿ì Àμöµµ¹æ½Ä) (2) °áÁ¦¼ö´Ü - Çö±Ý°áÁ¦ : COD, CAD ¹× CWO - ¼öÇ¥ : °³ÀμöÇ¥(personal check), ÀºÇà¼öÇ¥(banker's check) - ȯ : ¿ìÆíȯ(mail transfer : M/T)°ú Àü½Åȯ(telegraphic transfer : T/T) - ¹«¿ª°Å·¡¿¡´Â ÁÖ·Î ¾îÀ½°áÁ¦¸¦ ÀÌ¿ë(ȭȯ¾îÀ½°ú ¹«´ãº¸¾îÀ½) (3) °áÁ¦ÅëÈ­- °áÁ¦ÅëÈ­´Â ÁöÁ¤ÅëÈ­Á¦µµ(designated currency)¸¦ ÀÌ¿ë

¨ï º¸ÇèÁ¶°Ç(1) º¸Çè´ç»çÀÚ - º¸ÇèÀÚ, º¸Çè°è¾àÀÚ, ÇǺ¸ÇèÀÚ - EXW, FCA, FOB, CFR, CPTÁ¶°Ç : ºÎº¸Àǹ«´Â ¸Å¼öÀÎ - CIF, CIPÁ¶°Ç : ¸ÅµµÀÎÀÌ ºÎº¸Àǹ« ºÎ´ã (2) º¸Çè±Ý¾× - º¸Çè°¡¾×, º¸Çè±Ý¾×, º¸Çè±Ý - º¸Çè±Ý¾×Àº ÀûÈ­º¸Çè¿¡¼­´Â CIF·Î ȯ»êÇÑ ¼ÛÀå±Ý¾×ÀÇ 110%°¡ Åë·Ê (3) ´ãº¸Á¶°Ç - ÇùȸÀûÈ­¾à°ü(Institute Cargo Clause : ICC) - ÀüÀ§Çè´ãº¸Á¶°Ç(All Risks)ÀÎ ICC(A/R), ºÐ¼Õ´ãº¸Á¶°Ç(With Average)ÀÎ ICC (WA), ±×¸®°í ´Üµ¶Çؼպδ㺸Á¶°Ç(Free from Particular Average)ÀÎ ICC(FPA) - ·±´øº¸ÇèÀÚÇùȸ¿Í ·ÎÀ̵庸ÇèÇùȸ°¡ °øµ¿ÀÛ¾÷¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ½ÅÇùȸÀûÈ­¾à°üÀÎICC(A), ICC(B), ICC(C)¸¦ Á¦Á¤ÇÏ¿© 1982³â 1¿ù 1ÀϺÎÅÍ »ç¿ë(¿ì¸®³ª¶ó´Â 1983³âºÎÅÍ »ç¿ë) - ICC(A), ICC(B), ICC(C)´Â ÀüÀïÀ§ÇèÀ̳ª µ¿¸ÍÆÄ¾÷À§ÇèÀ» ´ãº¸ÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡ Ư¾àÀ¸·Î ´ãº¸°¡ °¡´É

 
 
 
 
 
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